Updated September 27, 2026. The Artemis Accords have 76 signatory nations following San Marino’s signing on September 25. The accords set principles for peaceful, transparent and sustainable civil space exploration. Signing them does not, by itself, assign a country an Artemis mission or hardware contract. For the latest additions, see the Artemis Accords signatory list.
What changed in the Artemis architecture?
In March 2026, NASA said it would pause Gateway in its current form and focus on infrastructure for sustained lunar surface operations. Several international partners had signed agreements for the lunar-orbiting station. Those agreements document real work, but the future use of some Gateway-specific hardware now depends on the revised program. The country descriptions below distinguish active Artemis contributions from earlier Gateway plans.
Documented Artemis contributions
- 🇺🇸 United States — founding signatory, 2020. NASA leads the campaign, including SLS, Orion, ground systems, commercial lunar lander contracts and Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS).
- 🇯🇵 Japan — founding signatory, 2020. JAXA has an agreement to develop and operate a pressurized lunar rover. Japan also agreed to provide Gateway life-support systems and a future HTV-XG logistics flight; those orbital plans are affected by the Gateway pivot.
- 🇨🇦 Canada — founding signatory, 2020. A Canadian astronaut flew on Artemis II. Canada agreed to provide Canadarm3 robotics for Gateway; its place in the revised architecture requires an updated plan.
- 🇮🇹 Italy — founding signatory, 2020; 🇩🇪 Germany — signed 2023. European industry contributes to ESA’s Orion European Service Module. Its backbone structure is made in Turin, Italy, and the module is assembled in Bremen, Germany. ESA is the program partner, so these industrial contributions should not be described as separate national Orion service modules. Germany also supplied an Artemis II CubeSat. ESA explains the European Service Module supply chain.
- 🇦🇺 Australia — founding signatory, 2020. Australia’s lunar rover project is intended to collect regolith for a NASA in-situ resource utilization demonstration. It is a specific planned surface contribution, subject to mission scheduling.
- 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates — founding signatory, 2020. The Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre agreed to build Gateway’s crew and science airlock. Its future role is subject to NASA’s Gateway redesign. The Rashid lunar rover was a separate UAE mission, not an Artemis hardware contribution.
- 🇰🇷 Republic of Korea — signed 2021; 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia — signed 2022; 🇦🇷 Argentina — signed 2023; 🇩🇪 Germany — signed 2023. Their agencies contributed the four Artemis II CubeSats, investigating radiation, space weather and technology performance. These are concrete mission payloads, though different in scale from a crew vehicle or surface rover.
All 76 signatories by signing year
This roster is a September 25, 2026 snapshot. It records when each nation signed the principles, not a promise to supply mission hardware. For additions after this date, see the living Artemis Accords signatory list and NASA’s official list.
2020
- 🇦🇺 Australia
- 🇨🇦 Canada
- 🇮🇹 Italy
- 🇯🇵 Japan
- 🇱🇺 Luxembourg
- 🇦🇪 United Arab Emirates
- 🇬🇧 United Kingdom
- 🇺🇸 United States
- 🇺🇦 Ukraine
2021
- 🇰🇷 South Korea
- 🇳🇿 New Zealand
- 🇧🇷 Brazil
- 🇵🇱 Poland
- 🇲🇽 Mexico
2022
- 🇮🇱 Israel
- 🇷🇴 Romania
- 🇧🇭 Bahrain
- 🇸🇬 Singapore
- 🇨🇴 Colombia
- 🇫🇷 France
- 🇸🇦 Saudi Arabia
- 🇳🇬 Nigeria
- 🇷🇼 Rwanda
2023
- 🇨🇿 Czech Republic
- 🇪🇸 Spain
- 🇪🇨 Ecuador
- 🇮🇳 India
- 🇦🇷 Argentina
- 🇩🇪 Germany
- 🇮🇸 Iceland
- 🇳🇱 Netherlands
- 🇧🇬 Bulgaria
- 🇦🇴 Angola
2024
- 🇧🇪 Belgium
- 🇬🇷 Greece
- 🇺🇾 Uruguay
- 🇨🇭 Switzerland
- 🇸🇪 Sweden
- 🇸🇮 Slovenia
- 🇱🇹 Lithuania
- 🇵🇪 Peru
- 🇸🇰 Slovakia
- 🇦🇲 Armenia
- 🇩🇴 Dominican Republic
- 🇪🇪 Estonia
- 🇨🇾 Cyprus
- 🇨🇱 Chile
- 🇩🇰 Denmark
- 🇵🇦 Panama
- 🇦🇹 Austria
- 🇹🇭 Thailand
- 🇱🇮 Liechtenstein
2025
- 🇫🇮 Finland
- 🇧🇩 Bangladesh
- 🇳🇴 Norway
- 🇸🇳 Senegal
- 🇭🇺 Hungary
- 🇲🇾 Malaysia
- 🇵🇭 Philippines
2026
- 🇵🇹 Portugal
- 🇴🇲 Oman
- 🇱🇻 Latvia
- 🇯🇴 Jordan
- 🇲🇦 Morocco
- 🇲🇹 Malta
- 🇮🇪 Ireland
- 🇵🇾 Paraguay
- 🇧🇼 Botswana
- 🇷🇸 Serbia
- 🇲🇺 Mauritius
- 🇹🇷 Türkiye
- 🇩🇯 Djibouti
- 🇦🇱 Albania
- 🇭🇷 Croatia
- 🇨🇮 Côte d’Ivoire
- 🇸🇲 San Marino
Accords membership is broader than the hardware roster
France signed in 2022; Spain and the Netherlands signed in 2023. Many more nations contribute to space science, regulation, commercial activity or ESA programs. Those activities are valuable, but they should not automatically be counted as individually assigned Artemis hardware. India’s Chandrayaan missions, for example, are Indian lunar missions rather than Artemis missions. Likewise, a signatory without an announced hardware assignment may still take part in future science, standards or exploration projects.
For updates beyond this September 2026 snapshot, follow the Artemis Accords page on Wikipedia; NASA’s official list is the source for the signing dates above.
Sources
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2026). Artemis Accords.
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2026, March 24). NASA unveils initiatives to achieve America’s national space policy.
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (2026). Artemis II science.
- European Space Agency. (2026). Europe powers Artemis II mission to the Moon.
